classmateblogs

2009-10-08T17:54:00.000-07:00

PROPOSED FUTURE TECHNOLOGY

TITLE : Automated Golf Put Training Sytem

Group Members :

1. Ritzel Calam

2. Prince Joseph Villa

3. Glenn Galladora

INTRODUCTION :

Nowadays technology goes on a higher degree in all aspect of lifestyle. It makes the users work efficient, secure, fast, and hassle free. What started as a flickering idea turn into a brilliant design which contributed to an endless list of innovations that help make human life easier.
The researchers’ observed, golf putting trainers that that are emerging today implement the manual system, where the user have to manually place the golf ball in the putt. The counting of score as well as the difficulty has a different procedure which is also manual or not automated. These emerging scenarios or situation pushed the researchers to develop a system that could help in the current system through the use of computers.
The researchers’ idea started when one of the members decided to design "Automated Golf Putt Training System". The design will create a monitoring and putting system with different level of difficulty for an exciting golf putting practice.

ABSTRACT :

As in golf's early days, the clubs still had wooden shafts equipped with slick leather grips, the balls didn't fly very far, and the courses were cruel. At first golf balls were made of wood, a substance that must have transmitted interestingly painful vibrations to the players' hands. The early 17th century saw the introduction of the 'feathery'—boiled feathers stuffed into a leather sack. These balls were handmade and very expensive, and did not travel far. Not long ago an antique feathery turned up, and it could be driven about 175 yards (today's professionals easily top 300). In the middle of the 19th century the feathery was replaced by the gutta-percha ball, or 'gutty,' which was formed from the latex of tropical trees. Its lower cost made golf more affordable, but a drive of more than 200 yards was considered an achievement.
Today, modern automation devices reduce human labor which increased productivity, tighter quality control and higher efficiency. Because of the modernization even playing in a single hole can be automate. By the use of the proposed project the system advises the user with a sensor that will detect the number of missed and shot of the golf ball and it will automatically replaced or reload a ball in the putt. All the system is electronically controlled and it has a seven segment display to know if how many balls had been shot or missed. The purpose is to enhance the ability and skill of the user in golf putting without going to the real golf course just to practice putting.

2009-08-13T17:28:00.000-07:00

MATLAB
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the subdistrict in Chandpur District, Bangladesh, see Matlab Upazila. For the computer algebra system, see MATHLAB.
MATLAB

MATLAB R2008a screenshot
Developer(s)
The MathWorks
Stable release
R2009a / 2009-03-06; 5 months ago
Written in
C
Operating system
Cross-platform [1]
Type
Technical computing
License
Proprietary
Website
MATLAB product page
MATLAB
Paradigm
imperative
Appeared in
late 1970s
Designed by
Cleve Moler
Developer
The MathWorks
Typing discipline
dynamic
OS
Cross-platform
MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language. Developed by The MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulation, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs in other languages. Although it is numeric only, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine, allowing access to computer algebra capabilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds graphical multidomain simulation and Model-Based Design for dynamic and embedded systems.
In 2004, MathWorks claimed that MATLAB was used by more than one million people across industry and the academic world.[2]
Contents[hide]
1 History
2 Syntax
2.1 Variables
2.2 Vectors/Matrices
2.3 Semicolon
2.4 Graphics
3 Object-Oriented Programming
4 Limitations
5 Interactions with other languages
6 Alternatives
7 Release history
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
//

[edit] History
MATLAB (meaning "matrix laboratory") was invented in the late 1970s by Cleve Moler, then chairman of the computer science department at the University of New Mexico.[3] He designed it to give his students access to LINPACK and EISPACK without having to learn Fortran. It soon spread to other universities and found a strong audience within the applied mathematics community. Jack Little, an engineer, was exposed to it during a visit Moler made to Stanford University in 1983. Recognizing its commercial potential, he joined with Moler and Steve Bangert. They rewrote MATLAB in C and founded The MathWorks in 1984 to continue its development. These rewritten libraries were known as JACKPAC.[citation needed] In 2000, MATLAB was rewritten to use a newer set of libraries for matrix manipulation, LAPACK [4].
MATLAB was first adopted by control design engineers, Little's specialty, but quickly spread to many other domains. It is now also used in education, in particular the teaching of linear algebra and numerical analysis, and is popular amongst scientists involved with image processing.[3]

[edit] Syntax

This article is written like a manual or guidebook. Please help rewrite this article from a neutral point of view. (October 2008)
MATLAB, the application, is built around the MATLAB language. The simplest way to execute MATLAB code is to type it in at the prompt, >> , in the Command Window, one of the elements of the MATLAB Desktop. In this way, MATLAB can be used as an interactive mathematical shell. Sequences of commands can be saved in a text file, typically using the MATLAB Editor, as a script or encapsulated into a function, extending the commands available.[5]

[edit] Variables
Variables are defined with the assignment operator, =. MATLAB is dynamically typed, meaning that variables can be assigned without declaring their type, except if they are to be treated as symbolic objects[6], and that their type can change. Values can come from constants, from computation involving values of other variables, or from the output of a function. For example:
>> x = 17
x =
17
>> x = 'hat'
x =
hat
>> x = [3*4, pi/2]
x =
12.0000 1.5708
>> y = 3*sin(x)
y =
-1.6097 3.0000

[edit] Vectors/Matrices
MATLAB is a "Matrix Laboratory", and as such it provides many convenient ways for creating vectors, matrices, and multi-dimensional arrays. In the MATLAB vernacular, a vector refers to a one dimensional (1×N or N×1) matrix, commonly referred to as an array in other programming languages. A matrix generally refers to a 2-dimensional array, i.e. an m×n array where m and n are greater than or equal to 1. Arrays with more than two dimensions are referred to as multidimensional arrays.
MATLAB provides a simple way to define simple arrays using the syntax: init:increment:terminator. For instance:
>> array = 1:2:9
array =
1 3 5 7 9
defines a variable named array (or assigns a new value to an existing variable with the name array) which is an array consisting of the values 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. That is, the array starts at 1 (the init value), increments with each step from the previous value by 2 (the increment value), and stops once it reaches (or to avoid exceeding) 9 (the terminator value).
>> array = 1:3:9
array =
1 4 7
the increment value can actually be left out of this syntax (along with one of the colons), to use a default value of 1.
>> ari = 1:5
ari =
1 2 3 4 5
assigns to the variable named ari an array with the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, since the default value of 1 is used as the incrementer.
Indexing is one-based[7], which is the usual convention for matrices in mathematics. This is atypical for programming languages, whose arrays more often start with zero.
Matrices can be defined by separating the elements of a row with blank space or comma and using a semicolon to terminate each row. The list of elements should be surrounded by square brackets: []. Parentheses: () are used to access elements and subarrays (they are also used to denote a function argument list).
>> A = [16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1]
A =
16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1

>> A(2,3)
ans =
11
Sets of indices can be specified by expressions such as "2:4", which evaluates to [2, 3, 4]. For example, a submatrix taken from rows 2 through 4 and columns 3 through 4 can be written as:
>> A(2:4,3:4)
ans =
11 8
7 12
14 1
A square identity matrix of size n can be generated using the function eye, and matrices of any size with zeros or ones can be generated with the functions zeros and ones, respectively.
>> eye(3)
ans =
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
>> zeros(2,3)
ans =
0 0 0
0 0 0
>> ones(2,3)
ans =
1 1 1
1 1 1
Most MATLAB functions can accept matrices and will apply themselves to each element. For example, mod(2*J,n) will multiply every element in "J" by 2, and then reduce each element modulo "n". MATLAB does include standard "for" and "while" loops, but using MATLAB's vectorized notation often produces code that is easier to read and faster to execute. This code, excerpted from the function magic.m, creates a magic square M for odd values of n (MATLAB function meshgrid is used here to generate square matrices I and J containing 1:n).
[J,I] = meshgrid(1:n);
A = mod(I+J-(n+3)/2,n);
B = mod(I+2*J-2,n);
M = n*A + B + 1;

[edit] Semicolon
Unlike many other languages, where the semicolon is used to terminate commands, in MATLAB the semicolon serves to suppress the output of the line that it concludes.

[edit] Graphics
Function plot can be used to produce a graph from two vectors x and y. The code:
x = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y)
produces the following figure of the sine function:

Three-dimensional graphics can be produced using the functions surf, plot3 or mesh.
[X,Y] = meshgrid(-10:0.25:10,-10:0.25:10);
f = sinc(sqrt((X/pi).^2+(Y/pi).^2));
mesh(X,Y,f);
axis([-10 10 -10 10 -0.3 1])
xlabel('{\bfx}')
ylabel('{\bfy}')
zlabel('{\bfsinc} ({\bfR})')
hidden off

[X,Y] = meshgrid(-10:0.25:10,-10:0.25:10);
f = sinc(sqrt((X/pi).^2+(Y/pi).^2));
surf(X,Y,f);
axis([-10 10 -10 10 -0.3 1])
xlabel('{\bfx}')
ylabel('{\bfy}')
zlabel('{\bfsinc} ({\bfR})')
This code produces a wireframe 3D plot of the two-dimensional unnormalized sinc function:

This code produces a surface 3D plot of the two-dimensional unnormalized sinc function:

[edit] Object-Oriented Programming
MATLAB's support for object-oriented programming includes classes, inheritance, virtual dispatch, packages, pass-by-value semantics, and pass-by-reference semantics.[8]
classdef hello
methods
function doit(this)
disp('hello')
end
end
end
When put into a file named hello.m, this can be executed with the following commands:
>> x = hello;
>> x.doit;
hello

[edit] Limitations
For a long time there was criticism that because MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks, users are subject to vendor lock-in.[9][10] Recently an additional tool called the MATLAB Builder under the Application Deployment tools section has been provided to deploy MATLAB functions as library files which can be used with .NET or Java application building environment. But the drawback is that the computer where the application has to be deployed needs MCR (MATLAB Component Runtime) for the MATLAB files to function normally. MCR can be distributed freely with library files generated by the MATLAB compiler.
MATLAB, like Fortran, Visual Basic and Ada, uses parentheses, e.g. y = f(x), for both indexing into an array and calling a function. Although this syntax can facilitate a switch between a procedure and a lookup table, both of which correspond to mathematical functions, a careful reading of the code may be required to establish the intent.
Many functions have a different behavior with matrix and vector arguments. Since vectors are matrices of one row or one column, this can give unexpected results. For instance, function sum(A) where A is a matrix gives a row vector containing the sum of each column of A, and sum(v) where v is a column or row vector gives the sum of its elements; hence the programmer must be careful if the matrix argument of sum can degenerate into a single-row array.[11] While sum and many similar functions accept an optional argument to specify a direction, others, like plot,[12] do not, and require additional checks. There are other cases where MATLAB's interpretation of code may not be consistently what the user intended[citation needed] (e.g. how spaces are handled inside brackets as separators where it makes sense but not where it doesn't, or backslash escape sequences which are interpreted by some functions like fprintf but not directly by the language parser because it wouldn't be convenient for Windows directories). What might be considered as a convenience for commands typed interactively where the user can check that MATLAB does what the user wants may be less supportive of the need to construct reusable code.[citation needed]
Array indexing is one-based which is the common convention for matrices in mathematics, but does not accommodate any indexing convention of sequences that have zero or negative indices. For instance, in MATLAB the DFT (or FFT) is defined with the DC component at index 1 instead of index 0, which is not consistent with the standard definition of the DFT in any literature. This one-based indexing convention is hard coded into MATLAB, making it difficult for a user to define their own zero-based or negative indexed arrays to concisely model an idea having non-positive indices.
Code written for a specific release of MATLAB often does not run with earlier releases as it may use some of the newer features. To give just one example: save('filename','x') saves the variable x in a file. The variable can be loaded with load('filename') in the same MATLAB release. However, if saved with MATLAB version 7 or later, it cannot be loaded with MATLAB version 6 or earlier. As workaround, in MATLAB version 7 save('filename','x','-v6') generates a file that can be read with version 6. However, executing save('filename','x','-v6') in version 6 causes an error message.

[edit] Interactions with other languages
MATLAB can call functions and subroutines written in the C programming language or Fortran. A wrapper function is created allowing MATLAB data types to be passed and returned. The dynamically loadable object files created by compiling such functions are termed "MEX-files" (for MATLAB executable). [13][14]
Libraries written in Java, ActiveX or .NET can be directly called from MATLAB and many MATLAB libraries (for example XML or SQL support) are implemented as wrappers around Java or ActiveX libraries. Calling MATLAB from Java is more complicated, but can be done with MATLAB extension[15], which is sold separately by MathWorks.
Through the MATLAB Toolbox for Maple, MATLAB commands can be called from within the Maple Computer Algebra System, and vice versa.

[edit] Alternatives
MATLAB has a number of competitors.
There are free open source alternatives to MATLAB, in particular GNU Octave, FreeMat, and Scilab which are intended to be mostly compatible with the MATLAB language (but not the MATLAB desktop environment). Among other languages that treat arrays as basic entities (array programming languages) are APL and its successor J, Fortran 95 and 2003, as well as the statistical language S (the main implementations of S are S-PLUS and the popular open source language R).
There are also several libraries to add similar functionality to existing languages, such as Perl Data Language for Perl and SciPy together with NumPy and Matplotlib for Python.
See also: list of numerical analysis software and comparison of numerical analysis software

[edit] Release history
version[16]
release name
Year
MATLAB 1.0
R?
1984
MATLAB 2
R?
1986
MATLAB 3
R?
1987
MATLAB 3.5
R?
1990
MATLAB 4
R?
1992
MATLAB 4.2c
R7
1994
MATLAB 5.0
R8
1996
MATLAB 5.1
R9
1997
MATLAB 5.1.1
R9.1
MATLAB 5.2
R10
1998
MATLAB 5.2.1
R10.1
MATLAB 5.3
R11
1999
MATLAB 5.3.1
R11.1
MATLAB 6.0
R12
2000
MATLAB 6.1
R12.1
2001
MATLAB 6.5
R13
2002
MATLAB 6.5.1
R13SP1
2003
MATLAB 6.5.2
R13SP2
MATLAB 7
R14
2004
MATLAB 7.0.1
R14SP1
MATLAB 7.0.4
R14SP2
2005
MATLAB 7.1
R14SP3
MATLAB 7.2
R2006a
2006
MATLAB 7.3
R2006b
MATLAB 7.4
R2007a
2007
MATLAB 7.5
R2007b
MATLAB 7.6
R2008a
2008
MATLAB 7.7
R2008b
MATLAB 7.8
R2009a
2009

2009-07-09T19:07:00.000-07:00

Seagate Pipeline 500 GB SATA II Internal Hard Drive

Information is stored in a computer in several different ways, but the main two are RAM and hard drive, also called a hard disk.

Seagate Pipeline HD hard drives deliver the reliability, capacity and performance needed by the next generation of high-definition DVRs and media centers. Boasting capacities, Seagate Pipeline HD drives deliver unprecedented levels of acoustic, power and vibration performance for high-definition DVRs. With the ability to support up to 12 simultaneous streams and operate at drive case temperatures of up to 75°C, they provide reliable storage that enables consumers to take full advantage of premium services like video on demand. Seagate Pipeline HD drives are the gold standard for high-definition performance and capacity.

The hard drive can store huge amounts of information, and it can keep this information when the computer is turned off. The only problem with hard drives is that it takes too long to get the data from them, because the system must wait as the disk spins until the right part of the disk surface comes under the read heads, and then the drive transfers a block of data in sequence.
For information being used at the moment, the system needs to be able to get to any part of that information very quickly. The storage for this information is RAM, which stands for Random Access Memory. Random access means the system can ask for any piece of stored data at random and get it immediately, without waiting for to come up in sequence.

Random access is faster than sequential access. The main reason that computers don't just store everything in RAM is that information in RAM is lost whenever the power is turned off. So, the computer needs both RAM and disk storage. Everything stored long-term is on the disk, and whatever is needed at the moment is copied into RAM. If changes are made to the data in RAM, the changes must be copied back to the disk before that computer is turned off so those changes are not lost.

When people talk about the memory of a computer, they almost always mean RAM, and not the hard drive or other forms of storage that we haven't covered yet. Sometimes they will say 'main memory' just to be perfectly clear about it.

2009-07-09T18:32:00.000-07:00

Apple Mac Monitors
Apple 30" LCD Monitors SeriesLCD Monitors

There are a number of ways to get data back out of the computer. One of them is right there in front of your face, and that's the monitor. It has a screen that shows you information from the computer, so it is an output device. The monitor and the parts of the computer that run it are known as video. Another common output device is a printer, which of course puts the computer's output on paper for you.

Some devices are both input and output, like the floppy diskette mentioned earlier. If you have a modem or network connection, information can go both ways over the line so it's both input and output. In many cases it is practical to consider input and output together, in which case they are called Input/Output and abbreviated as I/O.

Apple’s Cinema Display series features a gorgeous new anodized aluminum enclosure to complement the Power Mac G5 or PowerBook G4. The widescreen design offers a natural format for arranging documents the way your brain processes them. These displays give you the space you need to visualize your entire creation yet provides the resolution necessary to edit in place. So you can lay out a two-page spread and edit text without squinting. Or work with a Photoshop document with room for more than 30 layers in a palette. Take in the whole timeline in Final Cut Pro HD, with audio controls. Or display an unheard of 126 Logic mixer controls simultaneously.

These is a great avenue for user's probably will creat an exciment and enjoyful usage.

2009-07-09T17:41:00.000-07:00

THE MAC WIRELESS KEYBOARD

Nowadays technology goes on a higher degree in all aspect of lifestyle. It make the users work efficient, secure, fast and hassle free to the user. These emerging new discovery and innovative techonology today help the community in achieving convenient lifestyle.

The most obvious device for getting information into a computer system is the keyboard. Another common input device is the mouse. Almost any time we use a computer we use one or both of these to get text data or instructions into the system. To get large amounts of information into the computer we would probably use a CD, a floppy diskette, a modem connected to a phone line, or a network card (NIC)-Network Interface Card, connected to a network.

The features of these device were sleek and ultrathin, it has low profile keys that provide a crisp, responsive feel. The compact design takes up a fraction of the desk space up to 24% less of larger keyboards and gives you more room to mouse comfortably next to the keyboard. Function keys provide one touch access to a variety of Mac features. Intelligent power management conserves battery life by automatically powering down the keyboard when you're not using it and turning it on the instant you start typing.When you pair the Apple Wireless Keyboard with your wireless mouse you get the ultimate in flexibility and freedom.

With the right sound equipment, a microphone or musical instrument can be used to bring in sound, and a digital camera can download visual information, so these are all being used as input.

DONKINGKOY

2009-07-02T18:39:00.001-07:00

The 19 Key USB Numeric Keypad and Optical Mouse offers desktop and notebook users an instant benefit of a full-sized, external numeric keypad in a compact form. You will not worry to install drivers as it uses USB Plug-and-Play technology. It functions as a numeric keypad and an optical mouse it features a wide flip top transparent cover for the keypad and additional scroll wheel for easy web navigation. It is innovative and portable, definitely designed for mobile professionals.Features:
Increase productivity in business applications
Great for Laptop users, by combining numeric keypad and mouse
The 19-key layout provides efficient and convenient access to your numeric keys
The non-synchronization keys allow you to use the keypad and your keyboard as separate units
The 1000 dpi resolution optical mouse provides smoothness and accuracy
The transparent cover avoids touching numeric keys while using mouse function
Big scrolling wheel for convenient surfing the Internet
Very similar to the soft touch feeling of notebook keys
Driver-Free
Specification:
OS Compatibility: Windows Vista/XP/2000/ME/98
USB Cable Length: 60"
Unit Dimensions: 4.752” x 2.25” x 1.5”
Keycap Color: Black
Case color: Transparent / Black
Key Layout: 19 keys

hello

2009-07-02T17:37:00.000-07:00

hello people